Korean Hanja Reading Guide

Ministry of Education 1,800 common Hanja + Korean Language Society grade system. How to get the most out of this tool.

1. What is "Common Hanja 1800"?

The Ministry of Education 1,800 basic Hanja (900 for middle school + 900 for high school) is Korea's public-education standard for Chinese characters. This range covers 95%+ of Hanja you'll encounter in news, legal, and academic Korean text.

  • News headlines (e.g., HanMi summit = Korea–US summit)
  • Legal texts (civil and criminal codes)
  • Classical literature, poetry, four-character idioms (사자성어)
  • University materials (Chinese lit, East Asian philosophy, history)

2. Hanja Grade System (Hanja Nŭngryŏk Kŏmjŏng)

The Korean Language Society administers the most widely-recognized Hanja proficiency test: grades 8 (easiest) → 1 → Special.

GradeCumulativeLevel
850Lower elementary. Numbers, sun/moon.
7150Mid elementary. Family, school.
6300Upper elementary. Emotion, society.
5500Early middle school. Health, history.
41,000Late middle / early high school.
31,817Full basic-use list. Law, economics.
22,355University level. Names, places.
13,500Advanced. Classical texts.
Special5,978Scholarly. All standard Hanja.

3. Use cases

  • Bloggers / teachers: generate ruby HTML in one click for news or classical citations — paste into WordPress, Tistory, Naver Blog.
  • Hanja learners: filter only the characters above your level (red badges).
  • Korean learners abroad: decode Hanja-laden headlines instantly.
  • Translators / editors: check Hanja glossing in legal or academic texts.

4. Multi-reading characters

Some Hanja have multiple readings (e.g., 車 can be cha or geo). This tool shows the primary reading only and flags alternates with an "alt" badge. Automatic context-based disambiguation is not included — for critical work (legal, poetic translation), consult the source.

  • : cha (car), geo (rickshaw)
  • : ak (music), rak (pleasure), yo (mountain)
  • : geum (gold), gim (surname)
  • : dok (reading), du (indu — place name)

5. What is Ruby HTML?

Ruby annotation is the HTML5 standard (<ruby>, <rt>) for rendering tiny hangul pronunciations above each Hanja. It works on Tistory, WordPress, Naver Blog (HTML mode), and modern browsers.

<ruby>漢<rt>han</rt></ruby><ruby>字<rt>ja</rt></ruby>

See the FAQ for more.